Neural circuit flexibility in a small sensorimotor system

Neuronal circuits underlying rhythmic behaviors (central pattern generators: CPGs) can generate rhythmic motor output without sensory input. However, sensory input is pivotal for generating behaviorally relevant CPG output. Here we discuss recent work in the decapod crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) identifying cellular and synaptic mechanisms whereby sensory inputs select particular motor outputs from CPG circuits. This includes several examples in which sensory neurons regulate the impact of descending projection neurons on CPG circuits. This level of analysis is possible in the STNS due to the relatively unique access to identified circuit, projection, and sensory neurons. These studies are also revealing additional degrees of freedom in sensorimotor integration that underlie the extensive flexibility intrinsic to rhythmic motor systems.

► Neuronal circuits (CPGs) can generate rhythmic motor output without sensory input. ► Sensory input is pivotal for generating behaviorally relevant CPG output. ► We discuss cellular mechanisms whereby sensory inputs select different motor outputs. ► Sensory neurons can regulate the impact of projection neurons on CPG circuits. ► Degrees of freedom in sensorimotor integration enable flexibility in motor systems.