Neural specializations for small target detection in insects

Despite being equipped with low-resolution eyes and tiny brains, many insects show exquisite abilities to detect and pursue targets even in highly textured surrounds. Target tracking behavior is subserved by neurons that are sharply tuned to the motion of small high-contrast targets. These neurons respond robustly to target motion, even against self-generated optic flow. A recent model, supported by neurophysiology, generates target selectivity by being sharply tuned to the unique spatiotemporal profile associated with target motion. Target neurons are likely connected in a complex network where some provide more direct output to behavior, whereas others serve an inter-regulatory role. These interactions may regulate attention and aid in the robust detection of targets in clutter observed in behavior.

► Behavioral target detection is subserved by higher-order small target tuned visual neurons. ► I review a recent computational model that can explain the neurophysiology of small target detection. ► The model relies on the precise spatiotemporal dynamics associated with target motion. ► Target neurons are likely connected in a complex network regulating the attention given to different targets.