Research articleLength matters: Improved high field EEG-fMRI recordings using shorter EEG cables

•Concurrent brain EEG-fMRI recordings are challenging due to noise in the EEG signal.•We propose an EEG-fMRI setup aimed at reducing EEG noise at high MR fields.•Shorter EEG cables connect amplifiers force-locked to the MR-bed behind the RF coil.•Environment and MR-induced artifacts decreased by 60%, with low helium pump effects.•Implications for reproducibility, safety and ergonomics are discussed.

BackgroundThe use of concurrent EEG-fMRI recordings has increased in recent years, allowing new avenues of medical and cognitive neuroscience research; however, currently used setups present problems with data quality and reproducibility.New methodWe propose a compact experimental setup for concurrent EEG-fMRI at 4 T and compare it to a more standard reference setup. The compact setup uses short EEG cables connecting to the amplifiers, which are placed right at the back of the head RF coil on a form-fitting extension force-locked to the patient MR bed. We compare the two setups in terms of sensitivity to MR-room environmental noise, interferences between measuring devices (EEG or fMRI), and sensitivity to functional responses in a visual stimulation paradigm.ResultsThe compact setup reduces the system sensitivity to both external noise and MR-induced artefacts by at least 60%, with negligible EEG noise induced from the mechanical vibrations of the cryogenic cooling compression pump.Comparison with existing methodsThe compact setup improved EEG data quality and the overall performance of MR-artifact correction techniques. Both setups were similar in terms of the fMRI data, with higher reproducibility for cable placement within the scanner in the compact setup.ConclusionsThis improved compact setup may be relevant to MR laboratories interested in reducing the sensitivity of their EEG-fMRI experimental setup to external noise sources, setting up an EEG-fMRI workplace for the first time, or for creating a more reproducible configuration of equipment and cables. Implications for safety and ergonomics are discussed.