Detection of cerebral arterial gas embolism using regional cerebral oxygen saturation, quantitative electroencephalography, and brain oxygen tension in the swine

Our results show that non-invasively measured oxygen saturation and quantitative electroencephalography can detect the local effects of air emboli on cerebral oxygenation, but with reduced sensitivity as compared to intraparenchymal oxygen tension. Prospective human studies using multimodal monitoring incorporating electroencephalography and oxygen saturation should be performed.