Signaling complexes of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels

▶ Depolarization and Ca2+ transients generated by Na+ and Ca2+ channels are local signals. ▶ Targeting of effectors and regulatory proteins ensures signaling specificity and speed. ▶ Na+ and Ca2+ channels form signaling complexes with effectors and regulatory proteins. ▶ The intracellular domains of Na+ and Ca2+ channels serve as signaling platforms. ▶ Localized signaling complexes are essential for normal function and regulation.