Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
6315507 | Environmental Pollution | 2016 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
Levels and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed for the first time in raw and treated water from five water treatment plants in Shenzhen, South China. The average PCDD/Fs concentrations were 32.93Â pg/L (0.057Â pg international toxic equivalent quantity (I-TEQ)/L) and 0.64Â pg/L (0.021Â pg I-TEQ/L) in raw and treated water, respectively. The removal rate of PCDD/Fs in terms of mass concentration varied from 93.4% to 98.8%, whereas a negative removal rate was observed in one plant in terms of TEQ concentration. The PCDD/Fs concentration in raw water was lower than most of the published data from other countries and regions, and the PCDD/Fs concentration in treated water was below the Maximum Contaminants Level (MCL) of 30Â pg/L for dioxin in drinking water set by the US EPA. Historical pentachlorophenol usage, local waste incineration and industrial emissions, as well as surface runoff or even soil erosion, might be the main sources for PCDD/F pollution in water. The daily intake of PCDD/Fs for local residents from drinking water was estimated to be 0.69Â fg I-TEQ/kg/day, which is negligible compared with that from food consumption (1.23Â pg WHO-TEQ/kg/day) in the local area.
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Environmental Science
Environmental Chemistry
Authors
Feina Lu, Yousheng Jiang, Dongting Wu, Jian Zhou, Shengnong Li, Jianqing Zhang,