Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
6317236 | Environmental Pollution | 2015 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
We analyzed the spatial distribution of an antifouling biocide, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Sea-Nine 211) in the surface water and sediments of Hiroshima Bay, Japan to determine the extent of contamination by this biocide. A quantitative estimate of the environmental concentration distribution (ECD) and species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for marine organisms were derived by using a Bayesian statistical model to carry out a probabilistic ecological risk analysis, such as calculation of the expected potentially affected fraction (EPAF). The spatial distribution analysis supported the notion that Sea-Nine 211 is used mainly for treatment of ship hulls in Japan. The calculated EPAF suggests that approximately up to a maximum of 0.45% of marine species are influenced by the toxicity of Sea-Nine 211 in Hiroshima Bay. In addition, estimation of the ecological risk with a conventional risk quotient method indicated that the risk was a cause for concern in Hiroshima Bay.
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Authors
Kazuhiko Mochida, Takeshi Hano, Toshimitsu Onduka, Hideki Ichihashi, Haruna Amano, Mana Ito, Katsutoshi Ito, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazunori Fujii,