Traffic density and stationary sources of air pollution associated with wheeze, asthma, and immunoglobulin E from birth to age 5 years among New York City children

► Asthma, wheeze, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were assessed repeatedly in children through age 5. ► Air pollution exposures were represented by nearby traffic and stationary sources. ► Traffic and stationary sources were associated longitudinally with asthma morbidity. ► Proximity to highway was associated with higher levels of total IgE. ► Long-term air pollution exposure may increase risk for developing asthma and wheeze.