Bulk modification of Nafion® with purple membrane for direct methanol fuel cell applications

Novel methanol-blocking polymer electrolyte composite membranes were prepared by inserting purple membrane (PM) to the bulk phase of Nafion® resin. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses show that PM was well-dispersed in Nafion® membrane. Compared with recast Nafion®, blending PM changed the microstructure of Nafion® membrane and significantly improved the methanol-blocking efficiency by 31.6% in maximum. With PM content of 0.3 wt% in the composite, the highest membrane selectivity factor and single cell power density of 62.1 mW cm−2 were achieved. This satisfactory cell performance has given a promising prospect of Nafion®/PM composite membranes in the application in DMFC.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (150 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► The biomaterial purple membrane was inserted to the Nafion® resin to fabricate the Nafion®/PM composite membranes. ► Nafion®/PM exhibits effective methanol-blocking and maintains the relatively high proton conductivity under low PM content (<1%). ► The Nafion®/PM composite membrane with specific PM content outputs desirable power density.