Effect of inner-layer thermal conductivity on flux enhancement of dual-layer hollow fiber membranes in direct contact membrane distillation

▶ The vapor fluxes of dual-layer hydrophobic/hydrophilic hollow fiber membranes in direct contact membrane distillation are modeled. ▶ It is found that the vapor flux increases when the thermal conductivity of the inner layer is enhanced. ▶ Graphite and multiwall carbon nanotubes were incorporated into the inner layer, leading to a higher thermal conductivity and greater vapor flux.