Micro-fabricated metal nozzle plates used for water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsification

In this paper the fabrication and use of micro-structured metal nozzle plates as emulsification devices is investigated and discussed. These structured metal nozzle plates were fabricated via two distinct routes. Laser ablation, performed with a femtosecond laser, was used to drill micrometer-sized holes into stainless steel and aluminum foils. Also a conventional steel mesh with an average pore size of 2.4 μm fabricated by weaving and roll compaction of micrometer-sized steel wires was investigated. The perforated metal nozzle plates were used for oil-in-water and after hydrophobization with alkylchlorosilanes for water-in-oil emulsification as well. In both cases, two types of drop formation processes were observed. The first one is the shear-induced drop formation well known for cross-flow membrane emulsification. The second is the spontaneous drop formation known from microchannel emulsification.