Degradation and detoxification of diazinon by sono-Fenton and sono-Fenton-like processes

•Effective diazinon degradation by sono-Fenton and sono-Fenton-like processes.•Ag+ and Co2+ inhibit diazinon degradation in sono-Fenton-like process.•Three degradation by-products were observed to develop the possible oxidation mechanism.•Sono-Fenton process possesses higher detoxification than other processes.

The degradation of the organophosphorus pesticide diazinon by means of sono-Fenton and sono-Fenton-like systems was investigated in this study. The effects of a combination of transition metals, the concentration of Fenton’s reagent and temperature on diazinon degradation were examined. An initial concentration of 50 mg L−1 diazinon was used in this study as a model solution. For the sono-Fenton and sono-Fenton-like experiments, an ultrasonic probe at a frequency of 20 kHz was employed. The optimal experimental conditions were determined to be as follows: 20 mg L−1 Fe2+, 150 mg L−1 H2O2, 25 °C and pH 3. According to the results, the diazinon removal efficiency after 60 min was 98.3%, and the mineralization efficiency was 29.9%. It was also found that the toxicity of the diazinon solution was efficiently reduced by a sono-Fenton process. The most important mechanism of degradation was the substitution of sulfur by oxygen on the PS bond in diazinon through oxidation.