Gold recycling and enrichment beneath volcanoes: A case study of Tolbachik, Kamchatka

•Multiple forms of native gold were studied in basalts at Tolbachik volcano.•Gold was scavenged by hot mafic magmas from epithermal gold-containing veins.•A 4-fold increase in Au content in some Tolbachik lavas is due to Au assimilation.•Recycling of metals from crustal ore deposits may occur during the magma ascent.