High performance perovskite solar cells fabricated under high relative humidity conditions

•10.0% average PCE perovskite solar cell fully processed at high relative humidity conditions.•Processing in air requires preventing iodine derivatives formation in the perovskite precursor.•Solvent engineering process adapted to air conditions.•Performance of devices processed in air closely depends on the selected HTL.

The development of efficient perovskite solar devices fully fabricated in air conditions at low temperature is investigated. A 10.0% average efficiency was achieved for a CH3NH3PbI3 p-i-n planar perovskite solar cell with null hysteresis processed in an environment with relative humidity as high as 70%. This result was enabled by a fine control over the perovskite precursor composition, adapting the solvent engineering process to ambient air conditions and implementing nickel oxide as hole-transporting layer. The presented strategy contributes towards the establishment of processing methodologies leading to scale up high performance perovskite solar cells where processing in ambient air at low temperature is highly desirable.

Graphical abstractPerovskite solar devices as efficient as 10.0% with null hysteresis processed at low temperature in an environment with relative humidity as high as 70%.Download high-res image (127KB)Download full-size image