Oblique impact of a water cone on a solid wall

The hydrodynamic problem of oblique impact of a water cone on a solid wall is investigated by the three dimensional (3D) velocity potential flow theory. The time stepping method is used in a stretched coordinate system to track the moving water surface where the fully nonlinear dynamic and kinematic boundary conditions are satisfied through an improved Eulerian method. In particular the free surface elevation and potential variation are updated at a given azimuth in each θ plane of the cylindrical coordinate system, to overcome the numerical difficulties caused by the complex variation of the 3D curved free surface. Remeshing and smoothing are applied regularly along the intersection lines of the free surface and each θ plane. Detailed convergence study with respect to a time step and element size has been undertaken and high accuracy has been achieved. Extensive simulations are made for perpendicular and oblique impacts. Detailed results for pressure and free surface profile are provided.