Quaternary-ammonium-immobilized polystyrenes as efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for synthesis of cyclic carbonate: Effects of linking chains and pendent hydroxyl group

A polystyrene-supported ammonium catalyst provides larger contact area of catalysts with reactants, which enhances the reaction kinetics. A hydroxyl group on the linking chain stretches the C-O bonds of epoxides, improving the reaction thermodynamics.