Improved model for air pressure due to wind on 2D freak waves in finite depth

This paper presents an improved model for evaluating air pressure acting on 2D freak waves in a finite depth due to the presence of winds. This pressure model is developed by analysing the pressure distribution over freak waves using the QALE-FEM/StarCD approach, which combines the quasi arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element method (QALE-FEM) with the commercial software package StarCD and has been proven to be sufficiently accurate for such cases according to our previous publication Yan and Ma (2010) [8]. In this model for air pressure, the pressure is decomposed into the components related to the local wave profiles and others. By coupling with the QALE-FEM, the accuracy of the pressure model is tested using various cases. The results show that the pressure distribution estimated using this model is close to that computed by using the QALE-FEM/StarCD approach when there is no significant vortex shedding and wave breaking. The accuracy investigation in predicting the freak wave heights and elevations demonstrates that this pressure model is much better than others in the literature so far used for modelling wind effects on freak waves in finite depth.