Nonlinear analysis and simulations of measured freak wave time series

The analysis of surface waves time series is performed to understand the nature of freak waves. Contributions of quasi-linear dispersive focusing effects and nonlinear self-modulation (Benjamin–Feir) effects are estimated with the help of kinematical description, nonlinear spectral analysis and numerical simulations. The nonlinear dynamics of an envelope soliton over a background wave is investigated and a possible extreme wave appearance is predicted.