Green synthesis of Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Euphorbia condylocarpa M. bieb root extract and their catalytic applications as magnetically recoverable and stable recyclable catalysts for the phosphine-free Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling reactions

•Green synthesis of Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Euphorbia condylocarpa M. bieb.•Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling reactions of different aryl halides.•Catalyst was characterized using the powder XRD, SEM, EDS and UV–vis.•Catalyst can be easily recovered by using a magnet and reused.

This work reports on the green synthesis of Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Euphorbia condylocarpa M. bieb root extract as reducing agents and stabilizers and their catalytic applications in ligand- and copper-free Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling reactions. This method has such advantages as high yields, simple methodology and easy work up. In addition, the catalyst can be recovered by using a magnet and reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. The catalyst was characterized using UV–vis, powder XRD, SEM and EDS techniques.

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