Compressible vortex loops: Effect of nozzle geometry

Vortex loops are fundamental building blocks of supersonic free jets. Isolating them allows for an easier study and better understanding of such flows. The present study looks at the behaviour of compressible vortex loops of different shapes, generated due to the diffraction of a shock wave from a shock tube with different exit nozzle geometries. These include a 15 mm diameter circular nozzle, two elliptical nozzles with minor to major axis ratios of 0.4 and 0.6, a 30 × 30 mm square nozzle, and finally two exotic nozzles resembling a pair of lips with minor to major axis ratios of 0.2 and 0.5. The experiments were performed for diaphragm pressure ratios of P4/P1=4P4/P1=4, 8, and 12, with P4P4 and P1P1 being the pressures within the high pressure and low pressure compartments of the shock tube, respectively. High-speed schlieren photography as well as PIV measurements of both stream-wise and head-on flows have been conducted.