Impact of rotating permanent magnets on gallium melting in an orthogonal container

Gallium melting in an orthogonal container under the impact of a magnetic field was studied. The main goal of the work was the numerical modeling and study of solid–liquid interface behavior and exploration of the possibility to control its dynamics using a magnetic system. The container comprised heated and cooled side faces with preset temperatures. The fluidized part of the metal was exposed to a rotating magnetic field generated by a system of rotating permanent magnets.A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model based on COMSOL Multiphysics software that accounted for thermal variations in the metal properties and the presence of a mushy zone was devised. Simulation reliability was verified by comparison with experimental data obtained using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry.