Study of the effects of single and multiple periodic droplet impingements on liquid film heat transfer

The study supports the notion that forced convection is the main heat transfer mechanism inside the impact crater due mainly to the high frequency and periodic nature of droplet impingement. Furthermore, droplet impingement regimes such as spreading and splashing have been observed to play an important role in the overall heat transfer behavior. Spacing between adjacent impinging droplet streams is also an important factor in surface cooling when multiple droplet streams are used.