Constitutive equation for heat transfer caused by mass transfer

This paper presents a constitutive equation for the thermal heat transfer associated by mass transfer, applicable to both Eulerian-Eulerian and Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase computational fluid dynamic models. The proposed equation was incorporated into the open-source multiphase CFD code MFIX (https://mfix.netl.doe.gov) to demonstrate that the numerical predictions match experimental data for the limiting cases of evaporation and condensation. The application of the proposed equation to two cases of a reacting carbon particle yields physically consistent expressions for the heats of reaction.