Lattice Boltzmann based discrete simulation for gas-solid fluidization

The governing equations of gas flow in DPS are described by a modified LBE with a reasonable consideration of the effect of both the local solid volume fraction and the local relative velocity between particles and fluid rather than the volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A gas phase leaves the roof of bubble, and the downward moving particles near wall drag the gas to the bottom of the bubble where it re-enters the bubble region, which results in a pair of symmetrical vortices can be observed in the neighborhood of the rising bubble (Snapshots of the detailed flow field for gas phase). 369