Wall function model for particulate fouling applying XDLVO theory

▸ CFD model using XDLVO for calcite particle fouling in heat exchangers was developed. ▸ Approach has been compared against detailed CFD model and experimental results. ▸ No additional parameters are needed, only material and process parameters are used. ▸ The model is applicable to practical industrial heat exchangers. ▸ Based on XDLVO, the particulate fouling is caused by the impurities of the slurry.