On-line monitoring of downstream bioprocesses

Downstream bioprocessing can benefit significantly from using on-line monitoring methods for surveillance, control and optimisation. Timely information on critical operational and product quality parameters provided by on-line monitoring may contribute to high product quality, more efficient process operation and better production economy. Here, recent advances in analytical techniques and tools are critically reviewed and assessed based on their capability to meet typical needs and requirements in the biotechnology industry. Soft sensors, which merge the signals generated from on-line monitoring devices into mathematical models, are highlighted for accessing critical information in downstream processing.