Assembly of direct-electron-transfer-type bioelectrodes with high performance

Direct electron transfer bioelectrocatalysis is an essential type of reaction for the development of bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors, biofuel cells, and bioreactors. In this work, we performed several modifications of mesoporous electrodes to improve the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics and the orientation of three different enzymes: bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria, hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F, and tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. The results are discussed based on the curvature effects of mesoporous structures, the edge effect of the diffuse double layer around microporous structures, and the electrostatic interactions between enzymes and electrodes.