Intercalation manners of perchlorate anion into graphite electrode from organic solutions

Anion graphite intercalation compounds are an excellent candidate for high-potential positive electrode materials. Solvents play an important role during the intercalation processes of anions into graphite. In this contribution, the intercalation behaviors of perchlorate (ClO4−) from propylene carbonate (PC), γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and ethylene carbonate (EC) were studied with activated carbon (AC)/graphite capacitors. Both in situ Raman spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray diffraction were employed to detect the structure change of graphite electrodes caused by the electrochemical intercalation of ClO4−. Influence of solvents on the insertion of ClO4− was discussed. Besides, temperature effect was also explored.