Analysis of oxygen reduction reaction pathways on Co3O4, NiCo2O4, Co3O4-Li2O, NiO, NiO-Li2O, Pt, and Au electrodes in alkaline medium

The triad of requirements formulated in a course of analysis of ORR on oxide electrodes was successfully used in cases with single-crystal Pt and Au electrodes. On Pt and Au (1 0 0) electrodes all three requirements are fulfilled, therefore ORR proceeds via pathway with formation of ОН− ions. On Au (1 1 1) and Au (1 1 0) electrodes the first condition is not fulfilled, therefore on such electrodes НО2− ions are formed.