Chemical-looping combustion in a 100-kW unit using a mixture of ilmenite and manganese ore as oxygen carrier

These test results indicate that the addition of manganese ore could almost halve the fraction of unconverted gas. Thus, mixing mechanically stable ilmenite with more reactive manganese ore can give reductions in costs as compared to using manganese ore only, and still give significantly reduced oxygen demand as compared to ilmenite. In the present case - mixing of ilmenite and manganese ore - the high reactivity was also possible to combine with improved operability of the material, primarily manifested as lower production rate of fines.