An investigation of the impact of injection strategy and biodiesel on engine NOx and particulate matter emissions with a common-rail turbocharged DI diesel engine

► An increase of fuel injection pressure significantly increases NOx emissions. ► With the same injection strategy as the baseline diesel, biodiesel fueling increases NOx emissions. ► An increase of fuel injection pressure decreases particulate matter emissions for all load conditions. ► Biodiesel fueling has a more significant effect on PM emissions at lower load. ► A decrease of fuel injection pressure can bring biodiesel to the same or even lower level of NOx-PM trade-off than ULSD.