Oil shale pyrolysis in indirectly heated fixed bed with internals under reduced pressure

Pyrolyzing oil shale in the fixed bed reactor with particularly designed internals demonstrated that reducing reaction pressure obviously increased the shale oil yield and clarified a kind of synergistic effect between reducing pressure and adopting internals consisting of central gas collection pipe in enhancing the shale oil production. Under optimized pressure the highest shale oil yield reached 97.57% of the Fischer Assay oil yield.42