Nanoporous carbon derived from dandelion pappus as an enhanced electrode material with low cost for amperometric detection of tryptophan

A new type of nanoporous carbon (NPC) was synthesized using dandelion pappus as a cost-effective carbon source through chemical activation with phosphoric acid. Notably, NPC is first considered to be used as an enhanced electrode material for the analysis of tryptophan (Trp). The high electrical conductivity of nanoporous carbon modified electrode (NPC/GCE) was better demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry using the ferricyanide system as a probe. Furthermore, the NPC/GCE exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward Trp oxidation with a decreased overpotential and improved current response, mainly due to the porous structure and large specific surface of nanoporous carbon. The electrocatalytic oxidation mechanism of Trp at the modified electrode was also investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The amperometric response of NPC-based sensor is linear in the 1 μM to 103 μM concentration range and the sensitivity is 171.43 μA mM−1 cm−2. The proposed sensor was also successfully applied to the determination of Trp in real samples, and the satisfactory recoveries were obtained.