A novel and high sensitive MWCNTs-nickel carbide/hollow fiber-pencil graphite modified electrode for in situ ultra-trace analysis of bisphenol A

In this study a modified electrode based on hollow fiber-pencil graphite electrode (HF-PGE) was introduced for extraction and in-situ determination of low concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) as a typical endocrine disruptor (ED) and cancer promoter using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Nickel carbide nanoparticle (Ni3C) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) were used for HF modification. The fundamental factors affecting the extraction of analyte, including pH of aqueous phase, extraction time, and stirring speed were investigated. The relationship between the DPV signal and concentration was linear in the ranges of 0.6 nM to 0.01 μM and 0.01 to 4 μM (R2 = 0.9958, 0.9972) with limit of detection 0.13 nM. The applicability of the developed technique was tested by determination of BPA in real samples such as plastic drinking bottle and food package samples.