Effect of mode of operation, substrate and final electron acceptor on single-chamber membraneless microbial fuel cell operating with a mixed community

Waste minimization and circular thinking are to be achieved in order to cope with the limited amount of resources of our planet. In this perspective, bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) can contribute to the global balance with their ability to extract chemical residual energy from wastewater and transform it directly into electrical current. BESs development has been limited by the cost connected to reactor design, in which membranes and cathode catalyst constituted a major drawback. In this paper we report the optimization process of a simple reactor without membranes or precious catalyst that produced 47.1 mW m−2, which is more than what achieved with configurations including membranes, operating in similar conditions (glycerol as substrate and hydraulic retention times of 3 days). In opposition to what is usually reported for conventional divided microbial fuel cells (MFCs), we have found that in this kind of reactor fermenting substrates (mainly glycerol) can give higher current density than non-fermentable ones (acetate). Feeding modality and proper electrode orientation were confirmed to have a dramatic impact on power output. Finally, a possible niche for the exploitation of our single chamber membraneless MFC was pointed out to exist in bio-refinery industry.