Application of a one-dimensional large-strain consolidation model to a full-scale tailings storage facility

The objective of this study was to evaluate applicability of a commercially-available, one-dimensional (1-D) large-strain consolidation model to predict mine tailings consolidation in a full-scale tailings storage facility (TSF). Data pertaining to tailings production, cyclone operation time, impoundment height, and impoundment volume were made available for a full-scale copper mine TSF. A numerical model was applied to predict tailings consolidation for two considerations: Design Assessment - based on design estimates, and Operation Assessment - based on actual operational data. Comparison between actual average tailings dry density (ρd) during the first 4 yr of operation and predicted ρd yielded coefficients of determination (R2) as high as 0.81 for the Operation Assessment and 0.93 for the Design Assessment. Predictions of tailings height for both assessments also agreed well with actual impoundment heights for the first 6 yr of operation. A procedure was developed to predict average ρd of a full-scale TSF that includes (i) estimating TSF volume based on predicted impoundment height and (ii) using TSF volume with dry tailings mass to compute ρd. The main finding was that the modeling of gradual tailings deposition via a 1-D large-strain consolidation model can provide a reliable prediction of tailings height and capacity during TSF operation.