New insights into the lactide polymerisation with neutral N-donor stabilised zinc complexes: Comparison of imidazolin-2-imine vs. guanidine complexes

Two imidazolin-2-imine zinc complexes [Zn(8MeBL)Cl2] (1) and [Zn(8MeBL)(OAc)2] (2) were synthesised, completely characterised and investigated for their activity in the solvent-free ring-opening polymerisation of d,l-lactide. It could be shown that these compounds are able to act as efficient initiators for lactide polymerisation, and polylactides with molecular weights (Mw) of around 23,000–55,000 g/mol could be obtained with relatively narrow polydispersities. 1 and 2 exhibit an advantageous combination of robustness towards humidity and high activity in the polymer melt. A comparative DFT study on 1 and 2 and their guanidine counterparts revealed that the two complex series possess a strikingly similar electronic structure. Although the imidazolin-2-imine is more basic, its zinc complexes have only a slightly greater positive charge on the zinc atom in comparison to the corresponding guanidine complexes. Accordingly, their activity in the initiation of the ring-opening polymerisation is increased which is directly related to the Lewis acidity of the zinc atom. These findings allow more insights into the mechanism of the lactide polymerisation with neutral N-donor stabilised zinc complexes.

Graphical abstractTwo novel imidazolin-2-imine zinc complexes were proven to initiate the solvent-free d,l-lactide ring-opening polymerisation giving molecular masses up to 54,800 g/mol in good yields.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (123 K)Download as PowerPoint slide