New forming possibilities in cross wedge rolling processes

The paper describes limitations in the process of cross wedge rolling (CWR). The problem of necking (rupture) of a shaft step is discussed in detail. In addition, the paper also overviews the state of the art of modelling the cross wedge rolling process by the finite element method-based software, Deform-3D. Next, the paper presents methods for increasing effectiveness in two types of CWR: cross wedge rolling where axial flow of metal is blocked and cross wedge rolling with upsetting. The proposed rolling methods are then verified numerically by Deform-3D. Finally, the presented solutions are verified in experimental tests of a rolling process for producing a lever (with blocked axial flow of metal) and for an upset rolling process for producing a driving shaft.