Physical characteristics of Bangkok and its urban heat island phenomenon

Bangkok is divided into 50 areas, each with different physical characteristics which also affect the urban heat island. The city's physical variables were calculated from geographic data derived from the Department of City Planning, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, including street area ratio, water area ratio, public area ratio, building coverage ratio (BCR), and floor area ratio (FAR). Key indicators of urban heat island include temperature and cooling rates. From this data, it was found that urban physical characteristics had a significant impact on the magnitude of the urban heat island, particularly the floor area ratio (FAR) and building coverage ratio (BCR), in which temperature levels at 10 p.m. and thermal cooling rate between 4 and 10 p.m. had a correlation value of over 0.50.