Heating fluid from aqueous dispersion of metallic to semiconducting particles

This research introduces different metallic to semiconducting particles to be used in aqueous medium for Joule heating/Ohmic heating/resistive heating. The increase in temperature of aqueous dispersion of metallic to semiconducting particles, such as PANI, MWCNT, O-MWCNT, and PANI-O-MWCNT (1-5 vol. %) under different applied potential (3.3-10 V/cm) was measured at different time interval (1-15 minutes). The aqueous dispersion of O-MWCNT is the best system as an Ohmic heating fluid among all the dispersions examined. The reason for the increase in temperature during the application of a potential is discussed from the electrical conductivity, microscopy and UV-Vis analyses.