Elastic effects on Rayleigh-Bénard convection in liquids with temperature-dependent viscosity

A linear stability analysis of convection in viscoelastic liquids with temperature-dependent viscosity is studied using normal modes and Galerkin method. Stationary convection is shown to be the preferred mode of instability when the ratio of strain retardation parameter to stress relaxation parameter is greater than unity. When the ratio is less than unity then the possibility of oscillatory convection is shown to arise. Oscillatory convection is studied numerically for Rivlin-Ericksen, Maxwell and Jeffreys liquids by considering free-free, rigid-rigid and rigid-free isothermal/adiabatic boundaries. The effect of variable viscosity parameter is shown to destabilize the system. The problem reveals the stabilizing nature of strain retardation parameter and destabilizing nature of stress relaxation parameter, on the onset of convection. The Maxwell liquids are found to be more unstable than the one subscribing to Jeffreys description whereas the Rivlin-Ericksen liquid is comparatively more stable. Free-free adiabatic boundary combination is found to give rise to a most unstable system, whereas the rigid isothermal rigid adiabatic combination gives rise to a most stable system. The problem has applications in non-isothermal systems having viscoelastic liquids as working media.