Validation of building energy modeling tools under idealized and realistic conditions

▸ A review of the use of building energy models to include the effects of occupants on building energy use is presented. ▸ The methods for verifying and validating building energy models when compared to metering data are discussed. ▸ We find that building energy modeling relies heavily on the accurate inclusion of occupant effects. ▸ We find that it is difficult to include occupant effects without detailed models and/or experimental data.