Integrated optimal design of jackets and foundations

The article proposes a method for integrated design of jackets and foundations using numerical structural optimization. Both piles and suction caissons are examined in both clayey and sandy soil, and several design procedures are taken into account. The optimal design problem enables an automatic design process which minimizes the primary steel mass of the jacket and the foundations. Both leg distance and soil stiffness are found to have a significant influence on the total mass as well as the first natural frequency of the full offshore wind turbine structure. The results indicate that an integrated design approach is valuable in the conceptual design phase. Firstly, the soil characteristics and foundation type have a significant influence on the optimal leg distance for the jacket. Secondly, the jacket mass has a significant influence on the optimal foundation type and foundation design.