Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
6767898 | Renewable Energy | 2014 | 10 Pages |
Abstract
Two strong acids (hydrochloric, HCl and nitric, HNO3), a weak one (acetic acid, CH3COOH) and a ketone (acetylacetone, C5H8O2) were used in turn. The properties of the films were dependent on the concentration and the kind of the acid. With increasing concentration the coagulation of the nanoparticles also increases, thus affecting the efficiency of the devices. Of all the additives used, HNO3 gave the best results and a 40% increment in efficiency was observed, compared to the standard dispersing agent that is acetylacetone. The improved homogeneity of the nanoparticle size (24Â nm for anatase and 21.5Â nm for rutile) and the better connectivity between them were responsible for the improvement in efficiency.
Related Topics
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Energy
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Authors
G. Syrrokostas, G. Leftheriotis, P. Yianoulis,