Periodic variation in kernel oil content and fatty acid profiles of Calophyllum innophyllm L.: A potential biodiesel feedstock in Australia

Variation in oil content and fatty acid profiles of a native Australian biodiesel feedstock species Calophyllum inophyllum were studied in two different fruiting periods (winter 2008 and autumn 2009) and in three different northern Queensland provenances (Cardwell, Townsville, Yeppoon). Oils were extracted by standard n-hexane double extraction and fatty acid profiles were determined by ISO 5508 and 5509 methods using gas chromatography. C. inophyllum provenances have demonstrated a significant periodic variation in oil content and fatty acid profile, and as a result alter the quality of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel). FAP of majority of kernel oil sources were found to vary significantly (P < 0.05) with seasonal variation in temperature and longterm average rainfall.

► C. inophyllum provenences in northern Queensland showed significant periodic and provenance variations in oil content and fatty acid profiles (FAP). ► Those variations were found to be influenced by the rainfall and temperature during fruit development. ► C. inophyllum seeds collected in autumn had the best FAP for biodiesel production.