Peripheral and central glucose utilizations modulated by mitochondrial DNA 10398A in bipolar disorder

- MtDNA-10398A, a BD risk polymorphism, leads to deficient glycolytic energy production.
- BD and unaffected siblings carried more mtDNA-10398A and had higher fasting glucose.
- BD and, to a lesser degree, unaffected siblings had impaired glucose utilizations (GU).
- BD-pairs had an abnormally inverse pattern of insulin-GU and insulin-MoCA correlations.
- MtDNA-10398A predicted the 6th-month insulin resistance in all study groups.