Hydrothermal upgrading of biomass: Effect of K2CO3 concentration and biomass/water ratio on products distribution

Catalytic hydrothermal treatment of wood biomass was performed at 280 °C for 15 min in the presence of K2CO3 with different concentrations and biomass/water ratio (thermal). Oil products were extracted from both liquid and solid portion by different solvents and analyzed them individually. The biomass to water ratio has an important effect on product distribution and composition of oil products. Oil 1 (ether extract) with K2CO3 contained mainly phenolic compounds. Benzenediol derivatives were observed with 0.94 M K2CO3 concentration and they were not formed at lower concentrations (0.235 and 0.47 M). The decrease of solid residue was achieved to 4% with 0.94 M K2CO3 at 280 °C for 15 min. The volatility distribution of hydrocarbons (ether extract) were characterized by using C–NP gram. The distribution of oxygenated hydrocarbons changed depending upon the biomass to water ratio and concentration of K2CO3 solution.