Effect of macrokinetic factors on the ligand-free Heck reaction with non-activated bromoarenes

Styrene phenylation by non-activated bromobenzene (Heck reaction) in the presence of ligand-free catalytic systems based on PdCl2 proceeds under diffusional controlled regime. It was experimentally found that an increase in the agitation speed leads to an increase in the reaction rate, a substantial decrease of the time for attaining a product complete yield and gives rise to the extra high TOF (150,000 h−1 in 50 min at 780 rpm).

Graphical abstractIt has first been established that the Heck reaction in the conditions of ligand-free catalysis proceeds under a diffusional controlled regime. Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide