Liquid phase synthesis of ethyl-tert-butyl ether: The relationship between acid, adsorption and catalytic properties of zeolite catalysts

The role of acid centers of natural zeolites in synthesis of ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE) was investigated. The method for calculation of desorption energy distribution from stepwise desorption experiment was proposed. The method allows to calculate continuous desorption energy distribution of surface sites using different probes (ammonia, ethanol, iso-butylene, etc.).The correlation between rate of ETBE synthesis and concentration of weak acid sites (ENH3=70–75ENH3=70–75 kJ mol−1) was found. It has been shown that during ETBE synthesis iso-butylene is activated mainly on medium and strong acid centers and forms one type of surface complex, while ethanol forms two types of adsorbed complexes. Low energy surface ethanol complexes (E = 53–60 kJ mol−1) located on weak acid centers of zeolites were found to be active in ETBE synthesis. These complexes govern the catalytic activity of catalyst in ETBE synthesis.

Graphical abstractThe role of acid centers of natural zeolites in ethyl-tert  -butyl ether (ETBE) synthesis was investigated. An approach for calculation of desorption energy distribution from stepwise desorption experiment was proposed. The correlation between the rate of ETBE synthesis and concentration of weak acid sites (ENH3=70–75ENH3=70–75 kJ/mol) was found (see figure). Active in ETBE synthesis are low energy surface ethanol complexes (EC2H5OH=53–60EC2H5OH=53–60 kJ/mol), which are located on weak acid centers of zeolites. Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide