Tyrosinase inhibition, free radical scavenging, antimicroorganism and anticancer proliferation activities of Sapindus mukorossi extracts

The extracts of Sapindus mukorossi seeds using methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EA) or hexane as solvents were evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibition, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant potentials were determined by in vitro mushroom tyrosinase assay and the radical scavenging method. Both of these results showed minor inhibition abilities at a dosage of 100.0 μg/mL. Antimicrobial activities of S. mukorossi extracts to anti-extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii (XDRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDRPA) demonstrated good inhibition at 100 μg/mL. The antiproliferative effects of S. mukorossi extracts in human skin, lung, liver, prostate, cervical, bone, bladder, and breast cancer cell lines were also evaluated. Interestingly, S. mukorossi extracts showed strong specific inhibition activities on the proliferation of human melanoma and lung cell lines. The results obtained from biological assays showed that S. mukorossi extracts possessed multiple bioactivities, including anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, antimicroorganism and anticancer proliferation properties. To our knowledge, this was the first report presenting these bioactivities. The data exhibited the high potential of applying S. mukorossi extracts in medical cosmetology, food supplementation, antibiotics and chemotherapy.